Tayyib Abd al-Rahim
Tayyib Abd al-Rahim (full name al-Tayyib ‘Abd al-Rahim Mahmud ‘Abd al-Halim) [Abu al-Tayyib], Secretary to the PA presidency. Formerly, held a leftist position within the
Tayyib Abd al-Rahim
Tayyib Abd al-Rahim (full name al-Tayyib ‘Abd al-Rahim Mahmud ‘Abd al-Halim) [Abu al-Tayyib], Secretary to the PA presidency. Formerly, held a leftist position within the
Salah Shahada
Salah Shahada
Hamas leader and founding member. Born 24 Feb. 1954, Bayt Hanun, from a refugee family from Jaffa. Studied social science at Cairo Univirsity after having to refuse
Sa‘d Sayil
Sa‘d Sayil
Sa‘d Sayil [Abu Walid] Fatah military leader. From Nablus, joined Jordanian army, in which he became an infantry brigade commander. Left during Sep. 1970 to join Fatah,
Salah Khalaf
Salah Khalaf
Salah Khalaf [Abu Iyad] Fatah leader and chief ideologue. Born 31 Aug 1933, Jaffa, where attended Marwaniyya school, a refugee in 1948 to Gaza, where he acquired
Shafiq al-Hut
Shafiq al-Hut
Shafiq al-Hut Veteran PLO leader. Born 1932, Jaffa, fleeing with family in 1948 to Beirut. Obtained a BA in biology from American Univirsity of Beruit, then worked as a
Nabil Amr
Nabil Amr
PA minister of information from Apr. 2003-Oct. 2003 and former PA minister for parliamentary affairs from Aug. 1998. Born1947, from al-Dura. Trained in law at
Marwan Kanafani
Marwan Kanafani
Marwan Kanafani PLC member for Gaza city, advisor to Arafat. Born 1938, brother of Ghassan Kanafani, and fluent in English and French Grew up as a refugee in Lebanon
Muhammad Yusif al-Najjar
Muhammad Yusif al-Najjar
Muhammad Yusif al-Najjar [Abu Yusif] Founding member of Fatah. Born 1929, refugee from Yibna (al-Majdal), grew up in Rafah camp, Gaza. A member of the Muslim
Musa Abu Marzuq
Musa Abu Marzuq
Former head of Hamas Politicalitical bureau and a key figure in Hamas. Born in Gaza 1951 to a family from Yabna (near al-Majdal). Studied engineering at Ayn Shams (Cairo)
Mohammed Dahlan
Mohammed Dahlan
Member of Fatah-Revolutionary Council, former peace negotiator with Israel, former head of the Palestinian Authority’s Preventive Security Service in the Gaza Strip. PA
Kamal ‘Udwan
Kamal ‘Udwan
Kamal ‘Udwan [Abu Hisham] founding member of Fatah. Born 1925, refugee from Barbara village, he played an active role in the Pop Resistance Front that emerged in
Kamal Nasir
Kamal Nasir
Kamal Nasir (Kamal Butros Nasir) Palestinian poet and PLO leader. Born Gaza, 1925, tho family is from Bir Zayt. Educated at American Univirsity of Beruit, worked as a
Khalid al-Hasan
Khalid al-Hasan
Khalid al-Hasan (Khalid Muhammad al-Hasan) [Abu Sa’id] Fatah leader. Born 1928 in
Jibril Rajub
Jibril Rajub
Yasir Arafat's National Security Advisor, with the rank of Brigadier-General; former
Ismail Abu Shanab
Ismail Abu Shanab
Hamas leader in Gaza. Born in 1955, trained as a construction engineer at Colorado State Univirsity (from which he holds a Masters degree). Teaches engineering at
Hani al-Hasan
Hani al-Hasan
Hani al-Hasan [Abu Tariq, Abu-l-Hasan] Fatah leader. Born 1937, Haifa, refugee in Yarmuk camp, near Damascus, where he organised an Islamist slate, Shabab al-Aqsa,
Hasan Asfur
Hasan Asfur
Long-term negotiator in the Oslo process. Was secretary to the Palestinian negotiating team that concluded initial Oslo negotiations, he produced a draft joint declaration of
Hanan Ashwari
Hanan Ashwari
Hanan Ashrawi was born in 1946, and grew up in the West bank town of Ramallah. From the tender age of three she was adamant to learn, particularly captivated with the written word. Her affinity for languages was inspired by her parents, both of whom were avid readers, with her father also writing on a variety of issues that Ashrawi
Haidar Abdel Shafi
Haidar Abdel Shafi
Dr. Haidar Abdel Shafi, Physician, leading secular Palestinian nationalist leader in the Gaza Strip. Highly respected non-partisan figure, though with links to the Palestinian People's Party. Physician, head of the Red Crescent Society for the Gaza Strip, Commissioner-General of the Palestinian Independent Commission for Citizen's Rights. A founding member of the Palestinian National Initiative, launched June 2002, also a member of the Birzeit University Board of Trustees.
Born in Gaza in 1919. One of six children of Sheikh Muheiddin Abdul Shafi, head of the Higher Islamic Council and custodian of the holy places in Gaza. Attended primary school in Gaza; secondary education as a boarder at the Arab College in Jerusalem, graduated 1936. Left for Beirut, to study medicine at the American University, where he joined the Arab Nationalist Movement. Graduated 1943, went to work at the British mandate government's Municipal Hospital (Mustashfa Al-Baladiya) in Jaffa.
In 1944 joined the Jaysh al-Badiah (desert army) of the British Jordanian Army, then part of a new British Ninth Army. Spent the war in various locations in Palestine: Al-Azraq, Ashona, Jericho, Gaza. Resigned his commission at war's end; returned to Gaza and entered private practice. Co-founded a branch of the Palestine Medical Society (1945), and participated in the first Palestine Medical Congress in 1946.
Provided medical support to Palestinian guerillas in the clashes between Jews and Arabs following the UN partition resolution in 1947. Ran a medical clearing station in Gaza the first Arab-Israeli war (1948), when Gaza was flooded with 200,000 refugees. Worked closely with the Quakers, who provided humanitarian relief for Gaza Palestinians until UNRWA was established in 1951. Left Gaza for the US, where he studied surgery at the Miami Valley Hospital in Dayton, Ohio. Returned to Gaza in 1954, worked as a surgeon for the Egyptians at the Tal Zahur Hospital.
Israel invaded and temporarily occupied Gaza in 1956, installing a municipal council with Abdel Shafi as one of its 10 members. Gained a reputation as troublemaker by comparing Israeli rule unfavourably to Egyptian control, and refusing to serve on council.
In 1957, married Hoda Khalidi, daughter of a prominent Jerusalem family, refugees in Alexandria since the 1948 war. Appointed by the Egyptians as head of medical services in the Gaza Strip, 1957-60, during this period, became a strong admirer and personal friend of Gamal Abdel Nasser. Returned to private practice 1960.
Served as chairman of the first Palestinian Legislative Council in Gaza (1962-4). Also a delegate to the first all-Palestinian conference which convened in Jerusalem in 1964 and established the PLO. Served as a member of the first PLO-Executive Committee (1964-5). Developed a constituency and political base through the Gaza clinic system, and by 1966 was the leading PLO figure in the Gaza Strip.
Worked as a volunteer at the Shifa hospital in Gaza during the 1967, in which Israel again occupied Gaza, this time for the long-term. Temporarily detained by Israel at war's end, suspected of support for the military activities of George Habash's PFLP. Upon release, he refused all co-operation with Israel's plans to tie Gaza to Israel through the development of a common infrastructure, as punishment Moshe Dayan expelled him for three months to the isolated Sinai village of Nahal in 1969. Deported again on 12 Sept 1970, this time to Lebanon for two months, along with 5 other prominent members of the Gazan leadership, in retaliation for a PFLP hijacking.
Founder and Director of Palestinian Red Crescent Society in the Gaza Strip from 1972, providing free medical care and a forum for cultural activities. Distanced himself from Egypt after the Camp David Accord of Sept 1978.
Led the Palestinian element of the Pal-Jordanian delegation to the Madrid Peace Conference in 1991, and subsequently led the Palestinian negotiation team for 22 months in the Washington talks (1992-3).
Resigned from delegation in April 1993 (over settlements). Resumed position under pressure - only to urge the suspension of Palestinian participation in the talks in May 1993.
Elected to the Palestinian Legislative Council in 1996 as member for Gaza, gaining highest number of votes of any member. Ran for speakership of the PLC, but lost to Ahmed Qurai' (Abu Alaa) by 57-31 votes. Instead took up leadership of the PLC's political committee. Walked out of April 96 Palestine National Congress meeting, arguing that Arafat should not amend PN Charter to recognize Israel until Israel gives reciprocal recognition. Announced intention to resign from PLC in October 1997 (effective from 30 March 1998) on the grounds that it did not have any real power to change the Palestinians' situation.
In April 1998 initiated unity talks for all factions in Gaza, to include Fatah, Hamas, the Islamic Jihad and the left-wing PFLP and DFLP.
Born in Gaza in 1919. One of six children of Sheikh Muheiddin Abdul Shafi, head of the Higher Islamic Council and custodian of the holy places in Gaza. Attended primary school in Gaza; secondary education as a boarder at the Arab College in Jerusalem, graduated 1936. Left for Beirut, to study medicine at the American University, where he joined the Arab Nationalist Movement. Graduated 1943, went to work at the British mandate government's Municipal Hospital (Mustashfa Al-Baladiya) in Jaffa.
In 1944 joined the Jaysh al-Badiah (desert army) of the British Jordanian Army, then part of a new British Ninth Army. Spent the war in various locations in Palestine: Al-Azraq, Ashona, Jericho, Gaza. Resigned his commission at war's end; returned to Gaza and entered private practice. Co-founded a branch of the Palestine Medical Society (1945), and participated in the first Palestine Medical Congress in 1946.
Provided medical support to Palestinian guerillas in the clashes between Jews and Arabs following the UN partition resolution in 1947. Ran a medical clearing station in Gaza the first Arab-Israeli war (1948), when Gaza was flooded with 200,000 refugees. Worked closely with the Quakers, who provided humanitarian relief for Gaza Palestinians until UNRWA was established in 1951. Left Gaza for the US, where he studied surgery at the Miami Valley Hospital in Dayton, Ohio. Returned to Gaza in 1954, worked as a surgeon for the Egyptians at the Tal Zahur Hospital.
Israel invaded and temporarily occupied Gaza in 1956, installing a municipal council with Abdel Shafi as one of its 10 members. Gained a reputation as troublemaker by comparing Israeli rule unfavourably to Egyptian control, and refusing to serve on council.
In 1957, married Hoda Khalidi, daughter of a prominent Jerusalem family, refugees in Alexandria since the 1948 war. Appointed by the Egyptians as head of medical services in the Gaza Strip, 1957-60, during this period, became a strong admirer and personal friend of Gamal Abdel Nasser. Returned to private practice 1960.
Served as chairman of the first Palestinian Legislative Council in Gaza (1962-4). Also a delegate to the first all-Palestinian conference which convened in Jerusalem in 1964 and established the PLO. Served as a member of the first PLO-Executive Committee (1964-5). Developed a constituency and political base through the Gaza clinic system, and by 1966 was the leading PLO figure in the Gaza Strip.
Worked as a volunteer at the Shifa hospital in Gaza during the 1967, in which Israel again occupied Gaza, this time for the long-term. Temporarily detained by Israel at war's end, suspected of support for the military activities of George Habash's PFLP. Upon release, he refused all co-operation with Israel's plans to tie Gaza to Israel through the development of a common infrastructure, as punishment Moshe Dayan expelled him for three months to the isolated Sinai village of Nahal in 1969. Deported again on 12 Sept 1970, this time to Lebanon for two months, along with 5 other prominent members of the Gazan leadership, in retaliation for a PFLP hijacking.
Founder and Director of Palestinian Red Crescent Society in the Gaza Strip from 1972, providing free medical care and a forum for cultural activities. Distanced himself from Egypt after the Camp David Accord of Sept 1978.
Led the Palestinian element of the Pal-Jordanian delegation to the Madrid Peace Conference in 1991, and subsequently led the Palestinian negotiation team for 22 months in the Washington talks (1992-3).
Resigned from delegation in April 1993 (over settlements). Resumed position under pressure - only to urge the suspension of Palestinian participation in the talks in May 1993.
Elected to the Palestinian Legislative Council in 1996 as member for Gaza, gaining highest number of votes of any member. Ran for speakership of the PLC, but lost to Ahmed Qurai' (Abu Alaa) by 57-31 votes. Instead took up leadership of the PLC's political committee. Walked out of April 96 Palestine National Congress meeting, arguing that Arafat should not amend PN Charter to recognize Israel until Israel gives reciprocal recognition. Announced intention to resign from PLC in October 1997 (effective from 30 March 1998) on the grounds that it did not have any real power to change the Palestinians' situation.
In April 1998 initiated unity talks for all factions in Gaza, to include Fatah, Hamas, the Islamic Jihad and the left-wing PFLP and DFLP.
Lebanon invasion
From 1978 the presence of Palestinian guerrillas in Lebanon led to Arab raids on Israel and Israeli retaliatory incursions.
On 6 June 1982 Israel launched a full-scale invasion. By 14 June Beirut was encircled, Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) and Syrian forces were evacuated mainly to Syria 21-31 Aug.
In Feb 1985 there was a unilateral Israeli withdrawal from the country without any gain or losses incurred. Israel maintains an occupied area called as a 'security zone' in South Lebanon and supports the South Lebanese Army Militia of Lahad, both were occupying the south of Lebanon to defend israelis from palestinian attacks, and both carried out number of massacres against Lebanese and Palestinian people.
Israel's alleged complicity in massacres in two Palestinian refugee camps increased Arab hostility and many other massacres like Beirut, Nabattiyeh, Abbasiyeh, Qana with hundreds of lebanese civilians killed by Israelis. Talks between Israel and Lebanon , between Dec 1982 and May 1983, resulted in an agreement, drawn up by US secretary of state George Shultz, calling for the withdrawal of all foreign forces from Lebanon within three months. Syria refused to acknowledge the agreement, and left some 30,000 troops, with about 7,000 PLO members, in northeast, Israel retaliated by refusing to withdraw its forces from the south.
Meanwhile the problems in Lebanon continued. In 1984, under pressure from Syria, President Gemayel of Lebanon abrogated the 1983 treaty with Israel , but the government of national unity in Tel Aviv continued to plan the withdrawal of its forces. Guerrilla groups of the lebanese resistant on south of Lebanon started their resistant against the Israeli occupation since 1985 when the main important resistant group in Lebanon which is Hizbollah was founded. Most of the withdrawal was complete by June 1985 except the south of Lebanon of what so called the 'security zone'. The south of Lebanon was liberated by resistant operations when Israel withdraw in 25/5/2000. Israel still occupying Shebaa farms and other small areas until today.
On 6 June 1982 Israel launched a full-scale invasion. By 14 June Beirut was encircled, Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) and Syrian forces were evacuated mainly to Syria 21-31 Aug.
In Feb 1985 there was a unilateral Israeli withdrawal from the country without any gain or losses incurred. Israel maintains an occupied area called as a 'security zone' in South Lebanon and supports the South Lebanese Army Militia of Lahad, both were occupying the south of Lebanon to defend israelis from palestinian attacks, and both carried out number of massacres against Lebanese and Palestinian people.
Israel's alleged complicity in massacres in two Palestinian refugee camps increased Arab hostility and many other massacres like Beirut, Nabattiyeh, Abbasiyeh, Qana with hundreds of lebanese civilians killed by Israelis. Talks between Israel and Lebanon , between Dec 1982 and May 1983, resulted in an agreement, drawn up by US secretary of state George Shultz, calling for the withdrawal of all foreign forces from Lebanon within three months. Syria refused to acknowledge the agreement, and left some 30,000 troops, with about 7,000 PLO members, in northeast, Israel retaliated by refusing to withdraw its forces from the south.
Meanwhile the problems in Lebanon continued. In 1984, under pressure from Syria, President Gemayel of Lebanon abrogated the 1983 treaty with Israel , but the government of national unity in Tel Aviv continued to plan the withdrawal of its forces. Guerrilla groups of the lebanese resistant on south of Lebanon started their resistant against the Israeli occupation since 1985 when the main important resistant group in Lebanon which is Hizbollah was founded. Most of the withdrawal was complete by June 1985 except the south of Lebanon of what so called the 'security zone'. The south of Lebanon was liberated by resistant operations when Israel withdraw in 25/5/2000. Israel still occupying Shebaa farms and other small areas until today.
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